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"Musical instrument digital interface (MIDI) protocol provides a standardized and efficient means of conveying musical performance information as electronic data. MIDI information is transmitted in 'MIDI message,' which can be thought of as instructions which tell a music synthesizer how to play a piece of music. The synthesizer receiving the MIDI data must generate the actual sounds. The MIDI data stream is usually originated by a MIDI controller, such as musical instrument keyboard. A MIDI controller is a device which is played as an instrument, and it translates the performance into a MIDI data stream in real time (as it is played)." (Tutorial on MIDI and Music Synthesis by Jim Heckroth on the Internet).